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This book examines scriptural authority and its textual and visual instruments, asking how words and images interacted to represent and by representing to constitute authority, both sacred and secular, in Northern Europe between 1400 and 1700. Like texts, images partook of rhetorical forms and hermeneutic functions – typological, paraphrastic, parabolic, among others – based largely in illustrative traditions of biblical commentary. If the specific relation between biblical texts and images exemplified the range of possible relations between texts and images more generally, it also operated in tandem with other discursive paradigms – scribal, humanistic, antiquarian, historical, and literary, to name but a few – for the connection, complementary or otherwise, between verbal and visual media. The Authority of the Word discusses the ways in which the mutual form and function, manner and meaning of texts and images were conceived and deployed in early modern Europe. Contributors include James Clifton, John R. Decker, Maarten Delbeke, Wim François, Jan L. de Jong, Catherine Levesque, Andrew Morrall, Birgit Ulrike Münch, Carolyn Muessig, Bart Ramakers, Kathryn Rudy, Els Stronks, Achim Timmermann, Anita Traninger, Peter van der Coelen, Geert Warnar, and Michel Weemans.

History of civilization --- inscriptions --- anno 1400-1499 --- anno 1600-1699 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Europe: North --- Symbolism in communication --- Authority in literature --- Authority in art --- Symbolisme dans la communication --- Autorité dans la littérature --- Autorité dans l'art --- Bible --- Evidences, authority, etc. --- Illustrations --- Conferences - Meetings --- Autorité dans la littérature --- Autorité dans l'art --- Communication --- Biblia --- BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Literary. --- Authority in literature - Congresses --- Authority in art - Congresses --- Symbolism in communication - Europe, Northern - Congresses

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Mary Magdalene, Iconographic Studies from the Middle Ages to the Baroque examines the iconographic inventions in Magdalene imagery and the contextual factors that shaped her representation in visual art from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. Unique to other saints in the medieval lexicon, images of Mary Magdalene were altered over time to satisfy the changing needs of her patrons as well as her audience. By shedding light on the relationship between the Magdalene and her patrons, both corporate and private, as well as the religious institutions and regions where her imagery is found, this anthology reveals the flexibility of the Magdalene’s character in art and, in essence, the reinvention of her iconography from one generation to the next.

Iconography --- Mary Magdalene --- Christian art and symbolism --- Christian women saints in art --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Saintes chrétiennes dans l'art --- Mary Magdalene, --- Art --- 225-055.2 --- 246 "04/14" --- 246 "15/17" --- Vrouwen in het Nieuwe Testament --- Christelijke kunst en symbolisme--Middeleeuwen --- Christelijke kunst en symbolisme--Nieuwe Tijd --- Maddalena, --- Madeleine, --- Magdaghinē, --- Magdalene, --- Maria Maddalena, --- Maria Magdalena, --- Mariam Magdaghenatsʻi, --- Marie Madeleine, --- Mary Magdalen, --- 225-055.2 Vrouwen in het Nieuwe Testament --- Maryam al-Majdalīyah, --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Saintes chrétiennes dans l'art --- Art. --- Christian art and symbolism. --- ART / Subjects & Themes / Religious --- Saints. --- Persons --- Maria Magdalena --- Iconographie --- Mary Magdalene, - Saint - Art --- Mary Magdalene, - Saint

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"Not of woman born, the Fortunate, the Unborn"-the terms designating those born by Caesarean section in medieval and Renaissance Europe were mysterious and ambiguous. Examining representations of Caesarean birth in legend and art and tracing its history in medical writing, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski addresses the web of religious, ethical, and cultural questions concerning abdominal delivery in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Not of Woman Born increases our understanding of the history of the medical profession, of medical iconography, and of ideas surrounding "unnatural" childbirth.Blumenfeld-Kosinski compares texts and visual images in order to trace the evolution of Caesarean birth as it was perceived by the main actors involved-pregnant women, medical practitioners, and artistic or literary interpreters. Bringing together medical treatises and texts as well as hitherto unexplored primary sources such as manuscript illuminations, she provides a fresh perspective on attitudes toward pregnancy and birth in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; the meaning and consequences of medieval medicine for women as both patients and practitioners, and the professionalization of medicine. She discusses writings on Caesarean birth from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when Church Councils ordered midwives to perform the operation if a mother died during childbirth in order that the child might be baptized; to the fourteenth century, when the first medical text, Bernard of Gordon's Lilium medicinae, mentioned the operation; up to the gradual replacement of midwives by male surgeons in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Not of Woman Born offers the first close analysis of Frarnois Rousset's 1581 treatise on the operation as an example of sixteenth-century medical discourse. It also considers the ambiguous nature of Caesarean birth, drawing on accounts of such miraculous examples as the birth of the Antichrist. An appendix reviews the complex etymological history of the term "Caesarean section."Richly interdisciplinary, Not of Woman Born will enliven discussions of the controversial issues surrounding Caesarean delivery today. Medical, social, and cultural historians interested in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, historians, literary scholars, midwives, obstetricians, nurses, and others concerned with women's history will want to read it.

History of civilization --- anno 500-1499 --- Cesarean section in art --- Césarienne dans l'art --- Keizersnede in de kunst --- Cesarean Section --- Cesarean section --- Césarienne --- Illustration médicale --- -Cesarean section in art --- Abdominal delivery --- C section --- Caesarean delivery --- Caesarean section --- Delivery, Abdominal --- Delivery, Caesarean --- Delivery (Obstetrics) --- Illustration, Medical --- Cesarean section in art. --- Césarienne --- Césarienne dans l'art --- Illustration médicale --- Medicine in Art. --- Medical illustration --- -Renaissance --- Science in Art --- Art, Medicine in --- Art, Science in --- Arts, Medicine in --- Arts, Science in --- Medicine in Arts --- Science in Arts --- in Art, Medicine --- in Art, Science --- in Arts, Medicine --- in Arts, Science --- Renaissance --- Revival of letters --- history. --- psychology. --- History --- Europe. --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Medicine in Art --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Obstetrics --- Art --- history --- psychology --- Surgery --- Medicine in the Arts. --- Renaissance. --- History. --- Civilisation médiévale --- Histoire --- Europe --- Civilization [Medieval ] --- Cesarean section - Europe - History. --- Medical illustration - History. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Medicine in the Arts

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Late Medieval and Renaissance art was surprisingly pushy; its architecture demanded that people move through it in prescribed patterns, its sculptures played elaborate games alternating between concealment and revelation, while its paintings charged viewers with imaginatively moving through them. Viewers wanted to interact with artwork in emotional and/or performative ways. This inventive and personal interface between viewers and artists sometimes conflicted with the Church’s prescribed devotional models, and in some cases it complemented them. Artists and patrons responded to the desire for both spontaneous and sanctioned interactions by creating original ways to amplify devotional experiences. The authors included here study the provocation and the reactions associated with medieval and Renaissance art and architecture. These essays trace the impetus towards interactivity from the points of view of their creators and those who used them. Contributors include: Mickey Abel, Alfred Acres, Kathleen Ashley, Viola Belghaus, Sarah Blick, Erika Boeckeler, Robert L.A. Clark, Lloyd DeWitt, Michelle Erhardt, Megan H. Foster-Campbell, Juan Luis González García, Laura D. Gelfand, Elina Gertsman, Walter S. Gibson, Margaret Goehring, Lex Hermans, Fredrika Jacobs, Annette LeZotte, Jane C. Long, Henry Luttikhuizen, Elizabeth Monroe, Scott B. Montgomery, Amy M. Morris, Vibeke Olson, Katherine Poole, Alexa Sand, Donna L. Sadler, Pamela Sheingorn, Suzanne Karr Schmidt, Anne Rudloff Stanton, Janet Snyder, Rita Tekippe, Mark Trowbridge, Mark S. Tucker, Kristen Van Ausdall, Susan Ward.

Christian art and symbolism --- Spirituality in art --- Spirituality in architecture --- Europe --- Religious life and customs. --- Iconography --- anno 500-1499 --- anno 1500-1599 --- Art et symbolisme chrétiens --- Spiritualité dans l'art --- Spiritualité en architecture --- Vie religieuse --- 246 "04/14" --- Architecture --- Christelijke kunst en symbolisme--Middeleeuwen --- Religious life and customs --- Pierpont Morgan Library. --- Catholic Church. --- Christian art and symbolism - Medieval, 500-1500 --- Christian art and symbolism - Renaissance, 1450-1600 --- Spirituality in art - Europe --- Spirituality in architecture - Europe --- Europe - Religious life and customs

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In this study Dr Smith investigates the use of political personifications in the visual arts of Athens in the Classical period (480-323 BCE). Whether on objects that served primarily private roles (e.g. decorated vases) or public roles (e.g. cult statues and document stelai), these personifications represented aspects of the state of Athens—its people, government, and events—as well as the virtues (e.g. Nemesis, Peitho or Persuasion, and Eirene or Peace) that underpinned it. Athenians used the same figural language to represent other places and their peoples. This is the only study that uses personifications as a lens through which to view the intellectual and political climate of Athens in the Classical period.

History of ancient Greece --- Art --- Art, Greek --- Art, Classical --- Personification in art. --- Art and society --- Art grec --- Art antique --- Personnification dans l'art --- Art et société --- Themes, motives. --- History --- Thèmes, motifs --- Histoire --- Athens (Greece) --- Athènes (Grèce) --- Symbolic representation --- Représentation symbolique --- Personification in art --- Greek art --- Art, Aegean --- Classical antiquities --- Art, Greco-Bactrian --- Classical art --- Art and sociology --- Society and art --- Sociology and art --- Themes, motives --- Social aspects --- Aḟiny (Greece) --- Atene (Greece) --- Atʻēnkʻ (Greece) --- Ateny (Greece) --- Athen (Greece) --- Athēna (Greece) --- Athēnai (Greece) --- Athènes (Greece) --- Athinai (Greece) --- Athīnā (Greece) --- Symbolic representation. --- Αθήνα (Greece)